Design a Scalable Video Conferencing System

Large-Scale Video Conferencing Infrastructure Design

Design a globally distributed video conferencing system capable of supporting millions of concurrent users. The architecture must handle real-time audio/video streaming with sub-200ms latency, screen sharing, and cloud recording. Explain your choice of media routing architecture (SFU vs MCU), how you manage global signaling state, and how the system scales to accommodate massive webinars with over 50,000 participants while ensuring high availability and fault tolerance.
WebRTCSFUWebSocketRedisPostgreSQLKafkaS3DTLSSRTPFFmpegAnycastICE
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Scalable Video Conferencing System (Zoom/Webex)

Design a globally distributed video conferencing system capable of supporting millions of concurrent users. The system should handle high-density meetings (up to 1,000 participants) with sub-200ms latency. Detail the media routing strategy (SFU vs MCU), the signaling mechanism for session establishment, and how you would handle varying network conditions and global scaling across multiple regions.
WebRTCSFUUDPSRTPWebSocketsRedisPostgreSQLSimulcastSVCTURN/STUN
01
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Design a Scalable Video Conferencing System

Design the core backend architecture for a real-time video conferencing platform like Zoom. The system must support millions of daily users and meetings with up to 100 concurrent participants. Focus specifically on minimizing end-to-end latency, handling media distribution at scale, and ensuring high availability during server failures. Detail your choice of media routing architecture (SFU vs. MCU), how signaling and handshakes are managed, and how you would optimize the network path for a global user base.
WebRTCSFUUDPSRTPWebSocketsRedisPostgreSQLAnycast DNSSimulcast
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