The Question
Design
Scalable Real-time Chat Architecture
Design a highly available and scalable real-time messaging platform capable of supporting millions of concurrent users. The system should facilitate instantaneous 1:1 communication, persistent message storage for historical retrieval, and real-time user presence tracking, while ensuring low-latency delivery and fault tolerance.
WS
Redis
Cassandra
Kafka
JWT
FCM
LSM-tree
March 1, 2026